Publications

Paul C. Parsons; Prakash Shukla; Phuong Bui; Srishti Agrawal; Ali Baigelenov. 2027. Situatedness in Visualization Design: Making Unresolved Work Actionable. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (forthcoming).

Paul C. Parsons; Colin M. Gray; Ali Baigelenov. 2027. Design Knowledge in Data Visualization: Mapping the Epistemic Landscape. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (forthcoming).

Paul C. Parsons; Hamed Abdulsalam; Phuong Bui. 2026. Interaction Profiles for AI-Assisted UX Evaluation in Science Gateways. 11th Annual Conference on Science Gateways (Gateways '26) (forthcoming).

Paul C. Parsons. 2026. Myths and Ironies of AI-Assisted Design. ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS '26).

Paul C. Parsons. 2026. Judging How to Think with AI as a Tool for Thought. CHI2026 Workshop on Tools for Thought: Understanding, Protecting, and Augmenting Human Cognition with Generative AI — From Vision to Implementation.

Paul Parsons; Srishti Agrawal; Phuong Bui; Prakash Shukla; Ali Baigelenov. 2026. Bias Reconsidered: Ecologically Rational Heuristics in Design Cognition. Proceedings of the DRS 2026 Design Research Society 55th Conference. https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2026.2581

Kyle Montague; Dan Jackson; Pam Briggs; Rheem Talhouk; Luís Carvalho; Lauren Scott; Shaun Lawson; Austin L. Toombs; Colin M. Gray; Paul Parsons; Hugo Nicolau; Ana Cristina Pires; Tiego Guerreiro; John Vines. 2026. Slide.Bingo: From Passive Attendance to Active Listening Through AI-Generated Bingo. CHI EA ’26: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3772363.3799376

Ali Baigelenov; Prakash Shukla; Phuong Bui; Paul Parsons. 2026. Talking Inspiration: A Discourse Analysis of Data Visualization Podcasts. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26). https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791537

Zixu Zhang; Sreehari Manikkan; Murali Krishnan; Mohsen Azimi; Luca Vaccino; Jiachen Wang; Chuanyu Xue; Shirley J. Dyke; Ilias Bilionis; Song Han; Paul Parsons. 2026. Managing delay-induced challenges in remote monitoring of uncrewed space habitats: The impact of forecasting telemetry visualizations. Acta Astronautica. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.12.036

Paul C. Parsons; Prakash Chandra Shukla. 2026. Beyond Problem Solving: Framing and Problem–Solution Co-Evolution in Data Visualization Design. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2025.3633866

Prakash Shukla; Paul C. Parsons. 2025. Identifying Framing Practices in Visualization Design Through Practitioner Reflections. Seventh Annual Workshop on Visualization for Communication (VisComm '25). https://doi.org/10.1109/VisComm69388.2025.00005

Paul C. Parsons. 2025. Rethinking UX for Sustainable Science Gateways: Orientations from Practice. 10th Annual Conference on Science Gateways (Gateways '25).

Paul C. Parsons. 2025. Visualization Was Here: Reorienting Research When Visualizations Fade into the Background. 4th alt.VIS Workshop.

Paul C. Parsons; Arran Ridley. 2025. Judgment as Coordination: A Joint Systems View of Visualization Design Practice. IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS '25). https://doi.org/10.1109/VIS60296.2025.00062

Prakash Shukla; Suchismita Naik; Ike Obi; Jessica Backus; Nancy Rasche; Paul C. Parsons. 2025. Rethinking Citation of AI Sources in Student-AI Collaboration within HCI Design Education. 7th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI '25). https://doi.org/10.1145/3742901.3742909

Austin L. Toombs; Paul C. Parsons; Colin M. Gray; Jenny El-Shamy; Anastasia K. Ostrowski. 2025. The Ambiguity Amoeba and other Metaphors: Teaching Students to Sketch and Prototype Through Uncertainty. 7th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI '25). https://doi.org/10.1145/3742901.3742916

Paul C. Parsons; Austin L. Toombs. 2025. Teaching to Fail (Before It Happens): Premortem as a Pedagogical Strategy in HCI Education. 7th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI '25). https://doi.org/10.1145/3742901.3742908

Suchismita Naik; Prakash Shukla; Ike Obi; Jessica Backus; Nancy Rasche; Paul Parsons. 2025. Tracing the Invisible: Understanding Students' Judgment in AI-Supported Design Work. Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition (C&C '25). https://doi.org/10.1145/3698061.3734399

Prakash Shukla; Phuong Bui; Paul C. Parsons. 2025. Coping with Uncertainty in UX Design Practice: Practitioner Strategies and Judgment. ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition (C&C ’25).

Prakash Shukla; Phuong Bui; Sean Levy; Maxwell Kowalski; Ali Baigelenov; Paul Parsons. 2025. De-skilling, Cognitive Offloading, and Misplaced Responsibilities: Potential Ironies of AI-Assisted Design. CHI EA '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3719931

Ali Baigelenov; Prakash Shukla; Zixu Zhang; Paul Parsons. 2025. Are Cognitive Biases as Important as they Seem for Data Visualization?. CHI EA '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706599.3719926

Ali Baigelenov; Prakash Shukla; Paul Parsons. 2025. How visualization designers perceive and use inspiration. ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3714191

Austin L. Toombs; Kyle Montague; Richmond Y. Wong; Robin N. Brewer; Suchismita Naik; Paul C. Parsons; Selma Sabanovic; Derek Whitley. 2024. Future Dialogues: Personal AI Assistants and Their Interactions with Us and Each Other. Companion Publication of the 2024 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 675–678. San Jose, Costa Rica.. https://doi.org/10.1145/3678884.3687139

Paul C. Parsons; Soumya Krishnaraj; Max Berent-Spillson; Jack Gerber. 2024. What is User Experience to Science Gateways?. 9th Annual Conference on Science Gateways (Gateways '24). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13864425

R. Murali Krishnan; Zixu Zhang; Kairui Hao; Sreehari Manikkan; Paul Parsons; Shirley J. Dyke; Ilias Bilionis; Jiachen Wang; Chuanyu Xue; Song Han; Mohsen Azimi. 2024. HabSim-HMS: A Systems Testbed to Investigate Situational Awareness for Extraterrestrial Habitation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J064693

Ike Obi; Suchismita Naik; Colin M. Gray; Paul C. Parsons; Austin L. Toombs; Moonyung Jo; Prateek Mondan. 2024. Metacognitive Strategies to Foster Interculturally-Aware Design Competency. 6th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI '24).

Austin L. Toombs; Paul C. Parsons. 2024. Navigating Complexity: Implementing a “Buckets and Lenses” Approach to Cultivate Adaptive Thinkers in HCI. 6th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI '24).

Prakash Shukla; Suchismita Naik; Ike Obi; Phuong Bui; Paul Parsons. 2024. Communication Challenges Reported by UX Designers on Social Media: An Analysis of Subreddit Discussions. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI LBW). https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3650881

Prakash Shukla; Paul Parsons. 2023. How visualization designers’ assumptions can mislead in communicating with visualizations. 6th annual Workshop on Visualization Communication (VisComm ’23) at IEEE VIS.

Paul Parsons. 2023. Preparing Future Data Visualization Designers for Professional Practice. IEEE VIS Workshop on Visualization Education, Literacy, and Activities (EduVis ’23).

Zixu Zhang; Paul Parsons. 2023. Designing Visual Displays for Deep Space Habitats: Challenges and Opportunities from a Cognitive Task Analysis with ISS. Proceedings of the 67th Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.

Paul C. Parsons; Prakash Chandra Shukla; Ali Baigelenov; Colin M. Gray. 2023. Developing Framing Judgment Ability: Student Perceptions from a Graduate UX Design Program. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI ’23), pp. 23–32. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3587399.3587401

Colin M. Gray; Paul C. Parsons. 2023. Building Student Capacity to Engage with Design Methods. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI ’23), pp. 19–22. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3587399.3587415

Paul Parsons. 2023. Design Cognition in Data Visualization. Visualization Psychology.

Colin M Gray; Rua M Williams; Paul Parsons; Austin L Toombs; Abbee Westbrook. 2023. Trajectories of Student Engagement with Social Justice-Informed Design Work. Toward Inclusive Learning Design: Social Justice, Equity, and Community.

Paul Parsons; Zixu Zhang. 2022. Visual Communication of Potential Anomalies with Boundary Lines in ISS Mission Control. IEEE VIS Workshop on Visualization for Communication (VisComm ’22), Late-Breaking Work.

Feiyu Lu; Vijayakumar Nanjappan; Paul Parsons; Lingyun Yu; Hai-Ning Liang. 2022. Effect of Display Platforms on Spatial Knowledge Acquisition and Engagement: An Evaluation with 3D Geometry Visualizations. Journal of Visualization. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-022-00889-w

Prakash Shukla; Paul Parsons. 2022. Negotiating visualization minimalism: a preliminary analysis of Twitter conversations. in IEEE VIS Workshop on Visualization for Communication (VisComm '22).

Paul Parsons; Prakash Shukla. 2022. Considering the Role of Guidelines in Visualization Design Practice. 4th IEEE Workshop on Visualization Guidelines in Research, Design, and Education (VisGuides '22).

Tugba Karabiyik; Alejandra J. Magana; Paul Parsons; Ying Ying Seah. 2022. Pedagogical Approaches for Eliciting Students’ Design Thinking Strategies: Tell-and-Practice vs. Contrasting Cases. International Journal of Technology and Design Education.

Paul Parsons; Zixu Zhang; Jackson Murray. 2022. Adaptive Performance: A Generative Theory for HCI Design in Extraterrestrial Habitats. SpaceCHI 2.0: Advancing Human-Computer Interaction for Space Exploration. A Workshop at ACM CHI 2022.

Paul Parsons; Colin M. Gray. 2022. Separating Grading and Feedback in UX Design Studios. EduCHI'22: 4th Annual Symposium on HCI Education.

Paul Parsons; Prakash Shukla; Chorong Park. 2021. Fixation and Creativity in Data Visualization Design: Experiences and Perspectives of Practitioners. IEEE VIS Conference, Short Papers.

Paul Parsons. 2021. Understanding Data Visualization Design Practice. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. VIS '21). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3114959

Paul Parsons; Nancy Rasche; Colin M. Gray; Austin L. Toombs. 2020. Vertical Integration in UX Design Studios. EduCHI’20: 2nd Annual Symposium on HCI Education.

Paul Parsons. 2020. How do Visualization Designers Think? Design Cognition as a Core Aspect of Visualization Psychology. IEEE VIS 2020 Workshop on Visualization Psychology (VisPsych).

Paul Parsons; Colin M. Gray; Ali Baigelenov; Ian Carr. 2020. Design Judgment in Data Visualization Practice. IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), short papers. https://doi.org/10.1109/VIS47514.2020.00042

Paul Parsons; Prakash Shukla. 2020. Data Visualization Practitioners' Perspectives on Chartjunk. IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), short papers. https://doi.org/10.1109/VIS47514.2020.00049

Paul Parsons; Yu-Chuan Chen; Yu-Shen Ho; Kaitlin Groothuis; Brandon Dentler; Claire Stirm; Sandra Gesing; Michael Zentner. 2020. Common Usability Problems and Solutions for Science Gateways. Gateways 2020.

Dominic Kao; Christos Mousas; Alejandra J. Magana; D. Fox Harrell; Rabindra Ratan; Edward Melcer; Brett Sherrick; Paul Parsons; Dmitri Gusev. 2020. Hack.VR: A Programming Game in Virtual Reality. Foundations of Digital Games, Demo Papers.

Paul Parsons; Sandra Gesing; Claire Stirm; Michael Zentner. 2020. SGCI Incubator and its Role in Workforce Development: Lessons Learned from Training, Consultancy, and Building a Community of Community-Builders for Science Gateways . Proceedings of the Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing Conference (PEARC '20), Poster Papers.

Antonio Gonzalez-Torres; Monica Hernandez-Campos; Jeferson Gonzalez-Gomez; Vetria Byrd; Paul Parsons. 2020. Information Visualization as a Method for Cybersecurity Education. .

Chris Watkins; Colin M Gray; Austin Toombs; Paul Parsons. 2020. Tensions in Enacting a Design Philosophy in UX Practice. ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS).

Tugba Karabiyik; Alejandra J Magana; Paul Parsons; Ying Ying Seah. 2020. Characterizing students’ design strategies during simulation-based engineering of sustainable buildings. Proceedings of the 2020 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.

Paul Parsons; Colin M Gray; Nancy Rasche; Austin Toombs. 2020. Vertical Integration in UX Design Studios. 2nd Annual ACM SIGCHI Symposium on HCI Education (EduCHI 2020) at CHI 2020.

Paul Parsons; Ya-Hsin Hung; Ali Baigelenov; Connor Schrank. 2020. What Design Methods do DataVis Practitioners Know and Use?. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI LBW). https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3383048

Colin M Gray; Paul Parsons; Austin L Toombs; Nancy Rasche; Mihaela Vorvoreanu. 2020. Designing an Aesthetic Learner Experience: UX, Instructional Design, and Design Pedagogy. International Journal of Designs for Learning. https://doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v11i1.26065

Colin M Gray; Paul Parsons; Austin Toombs. 2020. Building a Holistic Design Identity Through Integrated Studio Education. Educational Technology Beyond Content: A New Focus for Learning.

Kelly Murdoch-Kitt; Colin M Gray; Paul Parsons; Austin L Toombs; Marti Louw; Elona Van Gent. 2019. Developing Students' Instrumental Judgment Capacity for Design Research Methods. Dialogue: Proceedings of the AIGA Design Educators Community Conferences. https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11688977

Antonio Gonzalez-Torres; Vetria L Byrd; Paul Parsons. 2019. VKE: a Visual Analytics Tool for CyberSecurity Data. Proceedings of the International Conference on Security and Management (SAM).

Ali Baigelenov; Paul Parsons. 2018. Interactivity Factors in Visualization-Based Exploratory Search. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI LBW). https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188558

Weidan Du; Zhenyu Cheryl Qian; Paul Parsons; Yingjie Victor Chen. 2018. Personal Web Library: Organizing and Visualizing Web Browsing History. International Journal of Web Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWIS-09-2017-0065

Ya-Hsin Hung; Paul Parsons. 2018. Affective Engagement for Communicative Visualization: Quick and Easy Evaluation using Survey Instruments. IEEE VIS Workshop on Visualization for Communication (VisComm).

Paul Parsons. 2018. Conceptual Metaphor Theory as a Foundation for Communicative Visualization Design. IEEE VIS Workshop on Visualization for Communication (VisComm).

Paul Parsons. 2018. Promoting Representational Fluency for Cognitive Bias Mitigation in Information Visualization. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95831-6_10

Colin Gray; Paul Parsons; Austin Toombs. 2018. Spiraling the Integrated Development of Research Skills in Undergraduate Design Education. Decipher: 2018 Design Educators Research Conference.

Paul Parsons; Ya-Hsin Hung; Ali Baigelenov. 2018. Toward an Analysis of Practitioner-Oriented Resources for Visualization Design. IEEE VIS '18: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, Poster Abstracts.

Camilo Vieira; Paul Parsons; Vetria Byrd. 2018. Visual learning analytics of educational data: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Computers & Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.03.018

Ya-Hsin Hung; Paul Parsons. 2017. Evaluating User Engagement in Information Visualization Using Mixed Methods. IEEE VIS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, Poster Abstracts.

Ali Baigelenov; Michael Saenz; Ya-Hsin Hung; Paul Parsons. 2017. Toward an Understanding of Observational Advantages in Information Visualization. IEEE VIS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, Poster Abstracts.

Michael Saenz; Ali Baigelenov; Ya-Hsin Hung; Paul Parsons. 2017. Reexamining the cognitive utility of 3D visualizations using augmented reality holograms. IEEE VIS Workshop on Immersive Analytics.

Camilo Vieira; Paul Parsons; Vetria Byrd. 2017. Exploring Important and Difficult Concepts to Learn in Information Visualization. IEEE VIS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Information Visualization, Poster Abstracts.

Jonathan Demelo; Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2017. Ontology-Driven Search and Triage: Design of a Web-Based Visual Interface for MEDLINE. JMIR Medical Informatics. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.6918

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons; Robert Haworth. 2017. Player–Game Interaction and Cognitive Gameplay: A Taxonomic Framework for the Core Mechanic of Videogames. Informatics. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics4010004

Mihaela Vorvoreanu; Colin M Gray; Paul Parsons; Nancy Rasche. 2017. Advancing UX Education: A Model for Integrated Studio Pedagogy. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025726

Ya-Hsin Hung; Paul Parsons. 2017. Assessing User Engagement in Information Visualization. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI LBW). https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053113

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons. 2016. Design of Visualizations for Human-Information Interaction: A Pattern-Based Framework. Synthesis Lectures on Visualization. https://doi.org/10.2200/S00685ED1V01Y201512VIS005

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons; Hai-Ning Liang; Jim Morey. 2016. Supporting Sensemaking of Complex Objects with Visualizations: Visibility and Complementarity of Interactions. Informatics. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics3040020

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig; Robert E. Mercer; Maryam Khordad; Joan Knoll; Peter Rogan. 2015. Visual analytics for supporting evidence-based interpretation of molecular cytogenomic findings. Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Visual Analytics in Healthcare (VAHC '15) at IEEE VIS 2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2836034.2836036

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig; Arman Didandeh; Arash Khosravi. 2015. Interactivity in Visual Analytics: Use of Conceptual Frameworks to Support Human-Centered Design of a Decision-Support Tool. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2015.138

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons; Anthony Naimi; Keith Willoughby. 2015. Reconsidering healthcare evidence as dynamic and distributed: the role of information and cognition. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000030

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2014. Adjustable properties of visual representations: Improving the quality of human-information interaction. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23002

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons. 2014. Interacting with Digital Information. Information Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5888-2.ch370

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2014. Common visualizations: Their cognitive utility. Handbook of Human-Centric Visualization. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7485-2 27

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2014. Distribution of Information Processing while Performing Complex Cognitive Activities with Visualization Tools. Handbook of Human-Centric Visualization. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7485-2 28

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons; Mark Dittmer; Robert Haworth. 2014. Human-centered interactivity of visualization tools: Micro- and macro-level considerations. Handbook of Human-Centric Visualization. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7485-2 29

Robert Haworth; Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2013. Design of digital cognitive games: Some considerations. International Journal of Cognitive Technology.

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons. 2013. Interaction Design for Complex Cognitive Activities with Visual Representations: A Pattern-Based Approach. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction.

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons; Mark Dittmer; Oluwakemi Ola. 2012. Beyond information access: Support for complex cognitive activities in public health informatics tools. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics.

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons; Alex Babanski. 2012. Towards a characterization of interactivity in visual analytics. Journal of Multimedia Processing Technologies.

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2012. Toward a holistic framework for human-information interaction. Canadian Association for Information Science.

Kamran Sedig; Paul Parsons. 2012. Enhancing the epistemic utility of physical information spaces through digital information interfaces. IASTED Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2012.772-019

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2012. The Role of Interactive Representations in Cognitive Tools for Learning. Computers in Education.

Paul Parsons; Kamran Sedig. 2011. Human-information interaction: An emerging focus for educational cognitive tools. Education in a technological world: Communicating current and emerging research and technological efforts.

Hai-Ning Liang; Paul Parsons; H -C Wu; Kamran Sedig. 2010. An exploratory study of interactivity in visualization tools: 'Flow' of interaction. Journal of Interactive Learning Research.